My family are from Orkney.
Why don’t they have a tartan or belong to a clan?
Quite simply tartan, clans, bagpipes et al, are traditions from the Scottish Highlands.
Orkney and Shetland never operated under the clan system, with surnames either being patronymic - i.e. Sigurd Erlendson - or changeable until the eighteenth century.
As an example, surnames more commonly came from where the person was actually from. To a certain extent this still exists today.
David Towrie of Clickimin, for example, would generally be referred to locally only as David o’ Clickimin.This was more common in early years, so a person's surname might change over a period of years as he moved from dwelling to dwelling. However, Jimmy Leonard of Langskaill might leave Langskaill after many years but would always be referred to thereafter as "Cheemy o' Langskaill".
Using the fictional character, John, who moved from the Orkney Mainland onto one of the islands, say Rousay. There he might be referred to as John Mainland. Moving back to the Mainland a few years later he may become John Rousay etc etc.
As such tartans, clans and all the associated trappings are not a part of the islands' indigenous culture.
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http://www.orkneyjar.com/orkney/faq.htm
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