Not wearing garters is definitely part of the problem -- the whole point of the garters is to keep the socks up.

However, might I also suggest that your hose are too large? I'm just going by your decription:
They also just dont fit right. They bulge down by my ankles because my foot is not 2 feet long and the sock that is supposed to be on my foot rises up to my ankle.
The ankle of the sock is supposed to be, well... at your ankle. If the ankle of the sock is up on the back of your leg, then you are wearing hose that are too large. which would also tend to make them not want to say up and lead to all the other problems you describe.

Methinks you might have just gotten too large a size.

Aye,
Matt